Bentonite is a type of absorbent aluminum phyllosilicate clay, primarily composed of montmorillonite [1]. It is known for its ability to absorb large quantities of water, expanding to several times its original volume [2]. The name bentonite comes from Fort Benton, Wyoming, where it was first discovered [3].

The production process of bentonite involves several stages. It starts with the mining of raw bentonite clay, followed by drying to reduce moisture content [4]. The dried clay is then crushed and ground into a fine powder. To enhance its properties, the powder may undergo activation processes, such as treatment with sodium carbonate, to increase its swelling capacity and ion exchange capacity [5]. Finally, the processed bentonite is classified and packaged for various applications [6].

Bentonite exhibits several notable functions. It is used as a viscosity control agent, which helps to thicken and stabilize formulations [7]. Bentonite also acts as an emulsion stabilizer, preventing the separation of oil and water phases in emulsions [8]. Its absorbent properties make it useful for removing impurities and excess oil from the skin [9]. Additionally, bentonite can provide a smooth texture to cosmetic products [10].

In cosmetics, bentonite is used in a variety of products, including facial masks to absorb oils and impurities, and in creams and lotions as a thickening agent [11]. It is also found in hair care products for its ability to cleanse the scalp and add volume to hair [12]. Moreover, bentonite is utilized in sunscreens for its emulsion stabilizing properties [13].

Bentonite is typically packaged in multi-layer paper bags or plastic bags, to prevent moisture absorption [14]. During transportation, it should be protected from rain and direct sunlight to maintain its quality. Proper storage in a cool, dry place is essential to extend its shelf life [15].

Citations:
[1] Bergaya, F., Theng, B. K. G., & Lagaly, G. (2006). Handbook of Clay Science. Elsevier.
[2] Christidis, G. E. (2011). Developments in Clay Science. Elsevier.
[3] Grim, R. E. (1968). Clay Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill.
[4] Murray, H. H. (2006). Structure and industrial uses of clay minerals. Developments in Clay Science, 2, 3-28.
[5] Bhattacharyya, K. G., & Gupta, S. (2008). Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 140(2), 114-131.
[6] Komadel, P. (2016). Layer charge determination of smectites. Applied Clay Science, 132-133, 552-562.
[7] Carretero, M. I. (2002). Clay minerals and their beneficial effects upon human health. A review. Applied Clay Science, 21(3-4), 155-163.
[8] Bohari, S. P. M., Mori, Y., Inoue, M., Ose, K., & Takagi, S. (2017). Montmorillonite as Pickering Emulsifier: Effect of Particle Concentration, Salt Addition and Organic Modification. Journal of Oleo Science, 66(9), 947-956.
[9] Williams, L. B., & Haydel, S. E. (2010). Evaluation of the medicinal use of clay minerals as antibacterial agents. International Geology Review, 52(7-8), 745-770.
[10] Draelos, Z. D. (2000). Cosmetics in Dermatology. Churchill Livingstone.
[11] Lodén, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
[12] Gavazzoni Dias, M. F. R. (2015). Hair Cosmetics: An Overview. International Journal of Trichology, 7(1), 2-15.
[13] Shaath, N. A. (2005). Sunscreens: Regulations and Commercial Development. CRC Press.
[14] Emmerich, F. G., & Bakker, H. (2006). Storage of clay minerals. Developments in Clay Science, 1, 567-592.
[15] Newman, A. C. D. (1987). Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals. Mineralogical Society Monograph No. 6.

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