Microcrystalline wax is a complex mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, generally with a high molecular weight. It is obtained from the refining of crude oil, involving distillation and subsequent purification processes [1]. The wax is characterized by its fine, crystal structure unlike paraffin wax, which has larger crystals.
The production process of microcrystalline wax includes several key steps. Initially, during petroleum refining, heavy oil fractions are subjected to solvent extraction. This process separates the wax from the oil. Subsequently, the extracted wax undergoes deoiling and purification techniques such as hydrotreating or clay treatment. These steps remove residual oil and impurities, improving the wax's color, odor, and stability [2].
Microcrystalline wax functions in cosmetics as an emulsion stabilizer, viscosity regulator, and binding agent. It forms a protective film on the skin's surface, preventing moisture loss. The wax also contributes to the texture and consistency of products like lipsticks, creams, and lotions [3].
Due to its unique properties, microcrystalline wax is used in various application scenarios. Specifically, it is found in lipsticks to provide structural integrity and emollience. It's also useful in creams and lotions to improve texture and stability [4]. Further, it can be used in mascaras and eyeliners for its thickening and film-forming characteristics.
Microcrystalline wax is typically packaged in solid block or pastille form, in containers that prevent contamination. Transportation should maintain suitable temperatures, which prevent melting and deformation. Standard practices for handling and storage of waxes should be followed [5].
Citations:
[1] Warth, A. H. (1960). The Chemistry and Technology of Waxes. Reinhold Publishing Corporation.
[2] Asphaltenes and Asphalt, 6. Structure and Composition of Asphaltenes. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75528-9_6
[3] Dweck, A. C. (2001). Formulating Cosmetic Products. Taylor & Francis.
[4] Umbach, W. (1993). Cosmetics and Toiletries: Development, Production and Use. Ellis Horwood.
[5] Flick, E. W. (1991). Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations, Vol. 4. Noyes Publications.
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