Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol, or polyol, found naturally in some fruits and fermented foods, and it can be produced industrially through microbial fermentation [1]. This compound is valued in the cosmetic industry for its unique combination of properties including its ability to moisturize the skin, enhance product flavor, and provide a non-tacky feel [2].

Erythritol is primarily produced through microbial fermentation, often using yeasts or fungi, where a carbohydrate source, like glucose or sucrose, is converted into erythritol [3]. The fermentation process involves carefully controlled conditions, including temperature, pH, and oxygen levels, to optimize the yield and purity of the erythritol [4]. After fermentation, the erythritol is typically purified through a series of steps that may include filtration, crystallization, and drying to obtain the final product [3].

Erythritol functions as a humectant by attracting moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple [5]. Its small molecular size allows it to penetrate the upper layers of the skin, enhancing its moisturizing effects [6]. Erythritol also possesses antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage caused by free radicals [7]. Additionally, it can impart a cooling sensation when applied to the skin, making it a desirable ingredient in refreshing or soothing cosmetic formulations [8].

Erythritol is used in a wide array of cosmetic products, like lotions, creams, and serums, because of its humectant properties [9]. It is also found in oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, for its flavor-enhancing and tooth-friendly properties [10]. In hair care products, erythritol can provide moisturizing benefits to the scalp and hair [11]. Furthermore, erythritol is utilized in makeup formulations to improve texture and provide a non-sticky feel [12].

Erythritol is generally packaged in multi-layer kraft paper bags or fiber drums with polyethylene inner liners to protect against moisture and contamination [13]. During transportation, it should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures, to maintain its quality and stability [13]. Proper labeling, including the product name, batch number, and manufacturer's information, is necessary for traceability and compliance with regulatory requirements [14].

Citations:
[1] Ry должностьyna, D.; Melnyk, O.; Koryagina, V.; Tokarev, A.; Vorobjeva, N.; Skryabin, K.; Rebets, Y. Biotechnological Production of Erythritol: Current State and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1894.
[2] Ahmad, Z.; McClements, D.J. Encapsulation of Flavoring Agents: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2018, 58, 1543-1558.
[3] Qian, X.; Affandi, N.A.M.; Fu, N.; Xu, Q.; Chen, J.; Chen, G.Q.; Liu, H. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level production of erythritol. Microbial Cell Factories 2022, 21, 222.
[4] Moon, H.Y.; Jeya, M.; Kim, J.K.; Lee, J.H.; Chang, Y.K.; Lee, J.; Kim, W.J. Isolation and characterization of a novel osmophilic yeast Zygosaccharomyces siamensis KMJ273 for erythritol production. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 2010, 110, 536-540.
[5] Baumann, L. Understanding and Treating Dry Skin. Practical Dermatology 2008, 5, 37-41.
[6] Lodén, M. The skin barrier and use of moisturizers. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2005, 27, 75-76.
[7] Domínguez, H.; Pardo, F.; Díaz, M.L.; Alvarez, J.A. Antioxidant activity of different sugar polyols. Food Chemistry 2010, 118, 577-582.
[8] Takeda, T.; Abe, Y.; Tani, N.; Yano, Y.; Kouchi, T.; Kohno, M.; Shinomiya, T.; Uemura, K.; Yokota, K.; Tominaga, M. Erythritol, a slowly digestive sugar alcohol, relaxes and contracts vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. British Journal of Pharmacology 2014, 171, 1597-1608.
[9] Draelos, Z.D. Cosmetics in Dermatology. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2015.
[10] de Cock, P.; Mäkinen, K.; Honkala, E.; Saarela, M.; Pajari, U.; Loivoniemi, R.; Tuominen, J.; Koivistoinen, P. Erythritol is more effective than xylitol and sorbitol in managing oral health endpoints. International Journal of Dentistry 2016, 2016, 986869.
[11] Gavazzoni Dias, M.F. Hair cosmetics: an overview. International Journal of Trichology 2015, 7, 2-15.
[12] Schlossman, M.L.; Shapiro, R. Personal Care Product Ingredients. New York: Marcel Dekker 1999, 4, 27-48.
[13] United Nations. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2015.
[14] European Commission. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products. Brussels: European Commission, 2009.

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