Product Introduction

Polyethylene Glycol-4, also known as PEG-4, is a low molecular weight polymer of ethylene oxide widely utilized in cosmetic formulations, owing to its solvent and humectant properties. It is synthesized through the polymerization of ethylene oxide and is identified by its CAS number: 25322-68-3. PEG-4 appears as a colorless liquid, and its quality can be assessed via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It has a shelf life of approximately 2 years when stored correctly.

Production Process

The production of Polyethylene Glycol-4 involves the ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide, typically initiated by an alcohol or water molecule [1]. This process yields a mixture of polyethylene glycols with varying molecular weights; PEG-4 specifically denotes a polymer with an average of four ethylene glycol units. The reaction is usually catalyzed by alkaline catalysts such as sodium or potassium hydroxide to control the polymerization and achieve the desired molecular weight distribution [2]. The resulting polymer is then purified to remove any residual catalysts or unreacted monomers ensuring the final product meets the required purity standards for cosmetic applications.

Efficacy and Function

PEG-4 functions primarily as a solvent and humectant in cosmetics. As a solvent, it aids in dissolving various cosmetic ingredients, ensuring even distribution within the product [3]. As a humectant, PEG-4 attracts moisture from the air, helping to hydrate the skin. It enhances the skin feel of formulations, providing a smooth, non-greasy finish [4]. These properties make it suitable for use in skincare, haircare, and color cosmetics.

Application Scenarios

Polyethylene Glycol-4 is used in a variety of cosmetic products. It is frequently found in lotions and creams, where it helps to maintain moisture levels and dissolve active ingredients [5]. In cleansing products like shampoos and body washes, it acts as a solvent for surfactants and conditioning agents. PEG-4 is also utilized in makeup formulations, such as foundations and concealers, enhancing the product's texture and spreadability [6].

Packaging and Transportation

Polyethylene Glycol-4 is typically packaged in plastic drums or containers to prevent contamination and maintain its integrity during storage and transportation. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources to prevent degradation [7]. Transportation guidelines generally follow standard procedures for non-hazardous chemicals, ensuring containers are properly sealed and labeled. No special regulatory requirements typically apply to the transport of PEG-4, but adherence to local regulations is always advised [8].

Citations:

[1] Bailey, F. E., & Koleske, J. V. (1976). Poly(ethylene oxide). Academic Press.
[2] Schick, M. J. (1996). Nonionic Surfactants: Chemical Analysis. CRC Press.
[3] Draelos, Z. D. (2018). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
[4] Lodén, M., & Wessman, W. (2001). The influence of a cream containing emollient lipids and glycerol on the barrier properties of human skin. Skin Research and Technology, 7(4), 250-254.
[5] Fluhr, J. W., Darlenski, R., & Surber, C. (2008). Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functions. British Journal of Dermatology, 159(1), 23-34.
[6] Schlossman, M. L., & McCarthy, R. E. (2009). The Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics. Allured Publishing Corporation.
[7] Ash, M., & Ash, I. (2004). Handbook of Preservatives. Synapse Information Resources.
[8] Flick, E. W. (1989). Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations, Vol. 6. Noyes Publications.

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