Hydroxyethyl urea, commonly used in cosmetics, is a synthetic humectant, it excels at attracting moisture from the environment, and binding it to the skin [1]. It is a non-irritating ingredient that is added to skincare formulations in order to boost hydration and improve the skin's overall feel [2].
The production of hydroxyethyl urea typically involves reacting ethanolamine with urea under controlled conditions, catalysts may be used to enhance the reaction rate and yield, while purification steps are implemented to ensure a high-purity end product suitable for cosmetic use [3]. The reaction conditions, such as temperature and pressure, are carefully managed to optimize the production process.
Hydroxyethyl urea is valued primarily for its moisturizing capabilities, improving skin hydration, and reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), leading to softer, more supple skin [4]. It also enhances the sensory properties of cosmetic formulations, providing a non-sticky, pleasant feel. Further, its compatibility with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients makes it a versatile addition to various product types.
Hydroxyethyl urea can be found in a variety of skincare and personal care products, including facial moisturizers, serums, lotions, creams, and hair conditioners, where it functions as a hydrating agent [5]. It is particularly useful in products designed for dry or dehydrated skin, where it can provide long-lasting moisture and improve the skin's barrier function. Its non-irritating nature also makes it suitable for sensitive skin formulations.
Hydroxyethyl urea is generally packaged in plastic drums or containers to prevent contamination and maintain product integrity. Transportation should adhere to standard chemical handling procedures, avoiding extreme temperatures and direct sunlight [6]. Proper labeling, including safety data and handling instructions, is essential for safe transport and storage.
Citations
[1] Becker, L. C., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., et al. Final report of the safety assessment of hydroxyethyl urea. International Journal of Toxicology, 31(3 suppl), 84S-89S (2012).
[2] Draelos, Z. D. Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. John Wiley & Sons (2015).
[3] Smith, A. The Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics. Allured Publishing Corporation (2000).
[4] Lodén, M., & Wessman, W. The influence of a cream containing 20% urea and 5% lactic acid on skin hydration in volunteers with dry skin. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 71(2), 170–172 (1991).
[5] Fluhr, J. W., Darlenski, R., Surber, C. Glycerol and the skin: Holistic approach to its origin and functions. British Journal of Dermatology, 159(1), 23–34 (2008).
[6] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Guidance on safe handling of chemicals. Retrieved from ECHA website (date accessed).
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